Irish class, April 21, 2008

Irish class, April 21, 2008

<!–

Fadas: áéíóúÁÉÍÓÚ

–>

Bígi reidh le caint ar rud suimiúil atá ar siúl.

Be prepared to talk about something interesting that is happening.

I thought about saying something about the weekend’s activities with
colgaffneyis, but quickly rejected that–it is hard enough to
explain as Bearla (in English). Instead:

Tá orm strus mór ag obair. Tá agam bainisteoir olc. Is tíoránach suarach é.
Is fuath le na hoibrithe é. Beidh agam bainisteoir nua go luath b’fhéidir.

Misc. Vocabulary

Tá a fhios agam go ____	I know that _____
beidh tú i d’aonar	you will be alone (lit. “in your oneness”)
pléigh	discuss
de ghnáth	usually
ullmhaigh	prepare

Indirect Speech

Téann sí	She goes
Dúirt sé go dtéann sí	He said she goes
Dúirt sé nach dtéann sí	He said she does not go

Key point: The verb in the dependent clause is eclipsed (urú).

Present Tense

Duirt	sé sí	go nach	dtéann gcloiseann bhfaigeann dtagann	sé sí siad
Said	he she	that does not [negative]	go(es) hear(s) get(s) come(s)	he she they

Note: clois “hear” pron. /klis’/. FP has /klos’/.

Past dependent Forms

General rule

go nach

}→{

gur nár

The dependent verb is lenited, whenever possible. Of course, in the past
tense all such regular
verbs are lenited anyway. According to Mac Congail,
pp. 169 & 174, this rule holds for regular verbs and the irregulars
beir, clois/cluin, ith, tabhair & tar. However, Stenson
apparently disagrees about the irregulars: On pp.118-119 there are examples of clois and
tabhair using both go and gur with the verb correspondingly
ecliped or lenited. I need some clarification about dependent past tense forms of
irregular verbs.

Another complication: Some of the irregular verbs have two
past tense forms. One is for direct use, the other for indirect (including
negatives and questions) forms.

	“do”	“see”	“go”
imperative	déan	feic	téigh
independent	rinne	chonaic	chuaigh
dependent	dearna	faca	deachaigh

According to Mac Congail, these three troublemakers also use go/nach in the past
dependent forms, rather than gur/nár.

aimsir caite -Past Tense

Duirt	sé sí	gur	shead fhan imir	sé sí siad
Said	he she	that	stood stayed played	he she they
Duirt	sé sí	nár	shead fhan imir	sé sí siad
Said	he she	that…did not	stand stay play	he she they

Note imir, not d’imir. IIRC, the d’- prefix for the
past tense of verbs beginning with vowels is a remnant of a particle that has
otherwise disappeared from the language. So it makes sense that it would not be
used with the particles gur & nár.

However (Stenson,
p. 118):

Sílim go bhfaca mé iad
I think that
he saw them.

Deir sé nach bhfaca sé thú
He
says he did not see you

A couple reminders about eclipsis and lenition

• Vowels eclipse with n-: ólann “drinks” → n-ólann.
  itheann “eats” → n-itheann.

• Vowels do not lenite.

<!–

–>

The last part of the class was about writing answers to some questions about food,
from page 3 of “Liam agus Bairbre” 1
<!–

Cúrsaí Bia

Déan na ceisteanna seo thíos a phlé leis na daoine in aice leat. Smaoinigh ar do chuid freagraí ar feadh cúpla
nóiméad sula dtosaíonn sibh.

1. An ndéanann tú mórán cócaireachta? Cén
   cineál bia a ullmhaíonn tú?
   
2. An itheann tú sa bhaile gach lá nó an
   bhfaigheann tú béile áit éigin eile (san obair,
   mar shampla)? Má itheann tú béilí ag an
   obair, an dóigh leat go bhfuil caighdeán an
   bhia go maith?
   
3. Cén t-am den lá a itheann tú do
   phríomhbhéile?
   
4. An itheann tú feoil nó an
   feoilséantóir/veigeatóir tú??
   
5. Cén cineál bia is fearr leat?
   
6. Cén cineál bia nach maith leat ar chor ar
   bith? Cén fáth?
   
7. An maith leat bia sciobtha den chineál atá le
   fáil i mbialanna mar McDonald’s?
   
8. Cén bia eitneach is fearr leat? (mar
   shampla, bia Indiach, Síneach, Seapánach)
   
9. Cén bhialann is fearr leat? Cén fáth
   a dtaitníonn sí leat?
   
10. An gceapann tú go bhfuil na bialanna i do
    cheantarsa ródhaor?

–>

<!–

–>

<!–

–>