(An Tuiseal Ginideach)
Notes from Irish Class in 2008.
Usage
1. |
With two nouns together, e.g. ainm fir, “a man’s
name”. |
2. |
After the ag [verbal noun] construct. Actually the same as
above: The verbal noun is a noun.
Tá mé ag ithe feola. |
I am eating meat |
g. of feoil |
ag caitheamh amsire |
spending time |
g.of aimsire |
ag imirt peile |
playing football |
g of peil |
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3. |
After roinnt “some” neart “plenty” mórán
“many”
E.g. roinnt aimsire “some time” |
4. |
Prepositional Phrases that are followed by the
genitive
ar feadh |
throughout |
(a time period) |
ar fud |
throughout |
place |
ar son |
for, on behalf of |
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tar éis |
after |
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i lar |
in the center |
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i rith |
during |
time |
deireadh |
end |
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Examples
i rith an lae |
during the day |
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deireadh seachtaine |
weekend |
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First Declension – firinscneach
- End in a broad consonsant (Exceptions -lann, -óg)
- Nominative plurals are formed by slenderizing the final consonant.
- Genitive singular is the same as the nominative plural
- masculine–m1 in the dictionaries
Examples
fear |
ainm fir |
ainm an fhir |
bord |
méid boird |
méid an bhoird |
oileán “ïsland” |
ainm oileáin |
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ospidéal |
ospidéail |
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corp |
coirp |
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samradh “summer” |
samraidh |
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Second Declension – baninscneach
- End in a slender consonsant, or -lann, -óg
- Genitive singular formed by adding -e If necessary, the final
consonant is slenderized.
- feminine–f2 in the dictionaries
Examples
bialann |
méid bialainne |
méid na bialainne |
uair |
i rith uaire |
i rith na huaire |
seachtain |
i rith seachtaine |
i rith na seachtaine (the noun is not prefixed with a t-) |
fuinneog |
méid fuinneoige |
méid na fuinneoige |
sraid |
méid sraide |
méid na sraide |
cill “church”, “churchyard” |
cille |
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maidin |
maidine |
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Third Declension I – firinscneach
- Professions ending in -eoir, e.g. muinteoir “teacher”,
feirmeoir “farmer”
- Single syllable words ending in -eacht or -aíocht
Examples
rud |
méid ruda |
méid an ruda |
muinteoir |
ainm muinteora |
ainm an mhuinteora |
ceacht “lesson” |
i rith ceachta |
i rith an cheachta |
fuacht “cold, chill” |
i rith fuachta |
i rith an fhuachta |
am “time” |
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Third Declension II – baninscneach
- Multi-syllable words ending in -eacht or -aíocht
- Words ending in -(a)íocht
Examples
eacnamaíocht “economy, economics” |
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filíocht “poetry” |
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litríocht “literature” |
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bliain |
i rith bliana |
i rith na bliana |
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Fourth Declension
- Ends in a vowel or in -ín
- Genitive singular is identical to the nominative singular
- Could be either masculine or feminine–m4 or f4 in the
dictionaries.
Examples
siopa |
m |
méid siopa |
méid an tsiopa |
cailín |
m |
ainm cailín |
ainm an chailín |
bia |
m |
méid bia |
méid an bhia |
oíche |
f |
i rith oíche |
i rith na hoíche |
uisce |
m |
méid uisce |
méid an uisce |
poitín |
m |
méid poitín |
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Fifth Declension and Irregulars
Not a lot of patterns here. Some -ir, -air words
Examples
beoir |
f |
méid beorach |
méid na beorach |
litir “letter” |
f |
méid litreacht |
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cathaoir |
f |
cathrach |
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athair |
m |
ainm athar |
ainm an athar |
cathair “city” |
f |
ainm cathrach |
ainm na cathrach |
máthair |
f |
ainm máthar |
ainm na máthar |
leaba |
f |
méid leapa |
méid na leapa |
cara |
m |
ainm carad |
ainm an charad |
deoch “drink” |
f |
méid dí |
méid na dí (d is a dental, so no lenition) |
mí “month” |
f |
i rith míosa |
i rith na míosa |
bean |
f |
ainm mná |
ainm na mná |
lá |
m |
i rith lae |
i rith an lae |
teach |
m |
méid tí |
méid an tí (t is a dental, so no lenition) |