Irish Class, April 4, 2011

Rang Gaeilge, 4ú lá mí Aibreáin 2011

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Fadas: áéíóúÁÉÍÓÚ

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Taispeáin agus Inis — “Show and Tell”

óinseach	foolish woman	f2
“achanna”	“buts”
saol	life
simplí	simple
babhtáil	exchange, swap, barter, shuffle, deal	f3, v
cluiche	game
margadh	market, bargain, agreement	m1
margaigh	market	v
roinn	department
tháinig sé chun solais	it came to light
aire	minister	m4 (of gov’t)
sóisearach	junior	a1
éigeantach	required, mandatory

From Obama – beidh mé sa reicneáil in 2012.

Thug Barack Obama le fios inniu ar theachtaireachtaí físeáin
agus in ephost chuig a lucht tacaíochta go bhfuil sé ar intinn aige dul chun
cinn don dara téarma Uachtaránachta. Go dtí seo níor fhógair ach aon duine amháin, an Poblachtach
Tim Pawlentey gur rún dó dul san iomaíocht do thoghchán 2012. Dúirt an tUachtarán Obama gur rún dó luí
isteach ar an obair atá idir láimh aige agus
nach mbainfidh a dhúshlán don dara téarma den obair atá ar bun aige faoi láthair.

reic	sale
reicneáil	reckoning
teachtaireacht	message	f3
tacaíocht	support	f3
intinn	mind, spirit, intention
fís	vision	f2 pl físeanna
chun	to, towards
cinn	fix, determine, descree
fógair	declare, proclaim
rún	secret, intention
rún dó luí isteach	he intends to lay into
atá idir láimh aige	with what is on his hands
íomaíocht	competition
toghchán	election
luí	state of rest, inclination, tendency
dúshlán	challenge, defiance
bain … amach	arrive, reach
bain … le	connect
bain … den obair	… take away from the work
faoi láthair	at present
atá ar bun aige faoi láthair	that he has at present

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malairt & milleán

malairt

malairt	change, alternative, exchange
leisceoir	lazy person
saothar	work, labor	m1
sos	rest, break (from work)
is é a mhalairt fíor	the opposite is true
cúis	cause, reason
easpa	lack
Le heaspa a mhalairt	lack of an alternative
trócaireach	merciful, lenient, compassionate
síth	peace
cogadh	war
aigne	mind, disposition, intention	f4
fonn	desire, inclination	,1
díol	payment
gá	need, requirement
gamal	fool	m1
fearthainn	rain, rainfall	f2
dealramh	appearance, resemblance, sheen, radiance	m1
scamall	cloud	m1
scuabadh	sweeping

Mhalairt Odysseus Scylla ar Charybdis.
Odysseus exchanged Charybdis for Scylla.

Is maith a mhalairt earrach ar geimhreadh.
Spring for winter is a good exchange.

milleán

milleán	blame	m1
cluiche	game, joke
báire	match, contest, goal
mí-ádh	bad luck
áirithe	certain, particular (a); certainty, certain quantity, allotment (n)	f4 as n
urchar	cast, shot	m1
socair	quiet, still, calm
ciontach	guilty, culprit
dream	group of people
maraigh	kill
leisce	laziness
cigire	inspector	m4
moltóir	referee, umpire

Cuireann oibrí dona millen air a chuid uirlisí.
A poor worker blames his tools.

Má chailltear an cluiche is an moltóir a bhíonn a mhilleán.
If a game is lost the
umpire will be blamed.

Cuir a mhilleán ar an duine as láthair.
Blame the absent person.

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Copula Summary — patterns

From Will’s handout with additional notes

1. No é

   Copula links two indefinites: “An X is a Y.”

   Is éan spideog.	A robin is a bird.
   Is ainmhí sionnach.	A fox is an animal
   Is bláth rós.	A rose is a flower
   Is gadaí pioráid.	A pirate is a thief

2. Classification of he/she/it/they

   These are classification (aicme) sentences with a pronoun subject. They end up with just one pronoun,
   the one that is the subject: “He is an X.”

   Is éan í.	It is a bird
   Is ainmhí é.	It is an animal
   Is saighdiúirí iad.	They are soldiers
   Is gadaí é sin.

3. Classification with Proper Noun Subject

   These are like #2, but the he/she/they subject has been replaced with a definite noun. When that
   happens, the definite noun is preceded by a pronoun, according to the convention mentioned above, so
   that a sentence that says, “Charlie Sheen is an actor,” ends up seeming to mean something like,
   “Charlie Sheen is an actor him” or “He Charlie Sheen is an actor.”

   That extra pronoun is just part of the definite noun when it follows the copula, and it doesn’t have to be
   translated.

   Is éan í an spideog.	The robin is a bird.
   Is ainmhí é an sionnach.	The fox is an animal.
   Is aisteoir é Charlie Sheen.	Charlie Sheen is an actor.
   Is feilmeoirí iad na fir sin.	Those men are farmers.
   Is gadaí é mac an mhúinteora.	The son of the teacher is a thief.	The noun phrase, “son of the teacher,” identifies a very specific person, so it is a definite (even a proper) noun.

4. Identification with Two Definite Nouns

   When we have two definite nouns, the one immediately following the copula will get that extra
   pronoun. This produces sentences much like our previous category, where we seem to have three
   things, but only translate two:

   Is é Charlie Sheen an t-aisteoir is fearr.	Charlie Sheen is the best actor.
   Is í Madonna an bhean is ciúine.	Madonna is the quietest woman.	ciúin: calm, still
   Is é an sagart an fear is craiceáilte.	The priest is the craziest man

5. Identification with Definite Noun = Pronoun

   This pattern causes problems.

   In this case, the subject of the sentence, as it is
   translated, is a pronoun, he/she/it/they. The definite noun in the copula sentence is what we are saying
   about the subject. But in the Irish version, the definite noun phrase comes first, and it feels like there
   are too many pronouns.

   Resist that feeling: The first pronoun is in a unit with the definite noun.
   The second one corresponds to the English pronoun.

   The first pronoun is just the one connected
   to the definite noun, and the second one is the “he/she/they” of the sentence. You need both pronouns because the first one is part of that noun
   phrase, and will not be translated.

   Is é an t-aisteoir é.	He is the actor
   Is í an t-amhránaí í.	She is the singer
   Is iad na saighdiúrí iad.	They are the soldiers.

6. Fronting the Adjective for Emphasis

   We already know how to say, “He’s a good boy”: Is buachaill maith é. The final é is
   needed as subject, and you’re already comfortable with that.

   But to express “He’s a good boy!”, we say Is maith an buachaill é. We pull the adjective up front, and
   add the definite article. This is what leads to that Hiberno-English style of expression, something like,
   “It’s the good boy he is.” If we are talking about a specific person, we’ll need that pronoun as part of
   the usual noun phrase.

   Is breá an lá é.	It is a fine day.
   Is dorcha an oíche í.	It is a dark night.
   Is deas an bhean í Lady GaGa.	Lady Gaga is a nice woman.
   Is mór an trua é!	It is a great pity.

   a few adjectives are often used alone with the copula:

   deas	nice
   maith	good	Also maith le
   fíor	true	Is fíor é. It is true. Is fíor é sin. That is true. Is fíor sin. That is true.
   álainn	beautiful, delightful
   aoibhinn	delightful, blissful
   fuath	hateful	Also fuath le
   olc	bad, evil

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