Irish Class, November 9, 2009

Rang Gaeilge, 9ú lá Mí na Samhna 2009

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Fadas: áéíóúÁÉÍÓÚ

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Five Items: A Quiz — Answer the question as Gaeilge.

1. Cé hé an duine gur mac do sheanathair agus athair do choil ceathar é.
   Is m’uncail an
   duine sin. Is m’uncail é sin.

   gur	“that”	because of copula (Cé hé…?) not go bhfuil
   col ceathar	first cousin

2. Cé faoin gcéad a bheadh fághta má tógadh seasca de
   Daichead/Ceathracha faoin gcéad fághta.

   va of

   faoin gcéad	percent
   fághta	left	faigh
   seasca	60
   daichead	40
   ceathracha	40	Cois.

3. Má tá mé ag siúil ó thuaidh ar a ceathair a chlog tráthnóna, chasfadh ar mo chlé, bhead orm a chuir
   ar mo ghloiní gréine.
   B’fhéidir.

   Má	if
   ag siúil	walking
   ó thuaidh	north	ó is not “from”
   cas	turn
   clé	left
   deis	right	[side or turn]
   grian	sun	f2 gs gréine
   gloiní gréine	sunglasses

4. Cén t-ainm atá ar an lá ndiaidh Lá an Althaithe?
   Is An
   Aoine Dhubh an t-ainm atá air.

   Lá an Althaithe	Thanksgiving day
   diaidh	after
   An Aoine Dhubh	Black Friday

5. Má thabharfainn duit ceann amhain gach aon sórt nóta airgid
   Mheiriceánna óna haon go dtí a céad, cé mhéad a bheadh agat san iomlán
   agat.
   Céad dollar ochto ‘s a-hocht. [188=1+2+5+10+20+50+100]

   nóta	note	m4 nóta airgid “bank note”
   san iomlán	in total
   céad	hundred, first
   cead	permission
   An bhfuil cead agam…?	May I…?

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Lenition and Eclipsis with Direct and Indirect Relative Clauses – a Toe Dipping.

[The worksheet, annotated.]

A relative clause is a clause that modifies a noun. Here are some examples:

1. The man who lives in town.
2. A tree that gives us shade.
3. Seven books (that are) lying on the table.

In Irish, the verb in such a clause is either lenited or eclipsed, depending on certain factors.

One of those factors is if there is a preposition involved, as is the case in the first and
third example clauses above.

If you have a relative clause with a verb that incorporates a preposition, like:

éist leis	listen to
breathnaigh air	look at
tabhair faoi.	set about, take

Then the verb is eclipsed.
This is called an indirect relative clause.

Céard	what	← Cé hé an rud
Céard a n-éisteann sibh leis?	What are you listening to?	“What is the thing that you are listening to?”
Cheannaigh mé an scanainn a mbreathnóidh siad air.	I bought the film that they will be looking at
Cuir síos, le do thoil, an turas a a tug tú faoi.	Please describe the trip that you took.

A verb that begins with a vowel prefixes n– to show eclipsis.

All verbs, past, present, and future, are eclipsed in an indirect relative
clause. The eclipsis trumps all other mutations.

Direct relative clause

Cé hé an duine bhualann tú?
Who is the person that you hit?

• bualann pres. hab. of buail “hit, strike”, hence “Who is the person that you hit on a regular basis?” [!]

• No preposition, so this is a direct relative clause. Hence
  lenitition

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