Irish Class, April 27, 2009

Rang Gaeilge, 27ú lá mí Aibreáin

Tá orm thú a chloisteáil
I have to hear you.

Modal contruction. thú
rather than tú because it is not next to a verb.

More on Pronouns as objects of Verbal Nouns

Tá tú do mo chloisteáil.
You are hearing me. Lit. “You are for/at my hearing”

pronoun forms

mé	do mo /gə mə/	L+
tú	do do /gə də/	L+
sé	á ← do + é	L+
sí	á	–
siad	á	E+
muid/sinn	dár	E+
sibh	do bhur	E+

All of these forms are based on do, although in some of them it is hidden. E.g.

ag … é → do … é → dá/dhá /γa:/ → á
do + ár → dár

This construction needs:

1. Some bare/non-modal form of bí: tá, bhí, beidh, 7rl.
2. The object must be a pronoun.
3. A verbal noun, which is in fact a noun, and is treated as such.

Consider “You are at my hearing.” There is a possessive relationship between “my” and “hearing”.
Hence as Gaeilge the verbal noun is in the genitive case.

Tá tú ag ithe dinnéar.	You are eating dinner.	dinnéar is masculine (m1)
*Tá tú ag ithe é.	You are eating it.	Wrong!
Tá tú á ithe.	You are eating it.	Correct.
Tá tú ag ithe cáis.	You are eating cheese.	cáis is feminine (f2). Hence ….
Tá tú á h-ithe.	You are eating it
Tá tú ag tógáil dinnéar.	You are taking dinner.
Tá tú á thógail.	You are taking it.
Tá tú ag tógáil cáis.	You are taking cheese.
Tá tú á tógail.	You are taking it.

a athair	his father
a h-athair	her father
a n-athair	their father
an t-athair	the father

Cleachtadh arís

Aistrígí na habairtí seo go Béarla nó Gaeilge. Cibé is gá.

cleachtadh	practise	m1
aistrigh	translate
abairt	sentence	f2
cibé	whichever
gá	needful
Cibé is gá.	Whichever is needed.
pé ar bith	whatever (at all)
pé ar bith acu	whatever they have

1. Rinne sibh go maith. Beidh an múinteoir do bhur moladh.
   
   You did well. The teacher will be praising you.

2. Thug ár athair [n-athair?] ár gcuid dhinnéir dúinn. Agus anois, Tá sé dár
   gcur i leaba.
   Our father gave our dinner to us. And now,
   he is putting us to bed.

   Tá śe ag cur a pháistí i leaba.	He is putting his children in bed.
   Tá sé á gcur i leaba	He is putting them in bed.

3. Bhí an t-alt sa nuachtán. Bhí mé á leamh ar maidin díreach.
   The article was in the newsletter. I was reading it just this
   morning.
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4. Chonaic mé é nuair a bhí an buachaill dána do do
   bhualadh.
   I saw it when the bad boy was hitting you.

   nuair atá is correct even though we expect nuair a
   bhfuil.

   an uair atá	The time that is
   nuair atá	when [that]… is	a in a bhí “that”
   Cé as	Where … from

5. Cé as na h-úlla? Tá an páiste á dtógáil amach as an mbosca sin
   aige.
   Where are the apples from? The child is taking
   them out of his box [the box he has].

   X sin aige

   his X

   The X that he has

   Prepositions and possessives

   clár	board	m1
   ar chlár	on a board
   ar an gclár	on the board
   ar mo chlár	on my board	Possessive trumps prepositions

6. Are you following me?
   An bhfuil tú do mo leanúint?
   

   An bhfuil tú leanúint an cait?	Are you following the cat?	cait is gs of cat
   Tá an oiche ag leanúint na lae.	The night follows the day.	lae is gs of lá
   Tá an oiche á leanúint.	The night is following it.

7. I should eat something.
   Ba chóir/cheart dom rud a ithe.
   [Modal form]

   cóir is stronger than ceart, but not quite “must” (Tá orm)

8. The students will be buying them.
   Beidh na daltaí á gceannach.
   

   The student will be buying them.		Beidh an dalta á gceannach.

9. The secretary finished the letter. He was taking it down.
   Chríochnaigh an rúnaí
   a litir. Bhí sé á breachadh síos.

   críochnaigh	finish
   rún	secret
   rúnaí /ru:ni:/	secretary	gs rúnaí npl rúnaithe /ru:ni:/
   breac síos	take down [a letter]
   litir	letter	f, so breachadh is not lenited.
   Ceard atá tú á breachadh síos?	What are you writing down?

10. She washed the towels. Now she’s putting them up.
    Nigh sí na tuáillí. Tá sí a gcur suas anois.

    tuáille	towel	m4. gs tuáille npl, gpl tuáillí
    nigh	wash

11. I could hear the bells.
    Ba féidir liom na cloig a chloisteáil

    clog	bell	gs & npl cloig. gpl clog
    clois	hear	vn cloisteáil

We did not get to the last two in class. Those are strictly my work (i.e. may be wrong).

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