Irish Class, August 10, 2009

Rang Gaeilge, 10ú lá Mí na Lúnasa

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Fadas: áéíóúÁÉÍÓÚ

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In the next few weeks we are each to write a short fable as Gaeilge.

Liosta rudaí don Fhabhalscéal — List of things for a fable

Rudaí

bainne	milk	m4
balla	wall	m4
cloch	stone	f2
balla cloiche	little walls of stone
bradán	salmon
cnoc	hil
dair	oak	crann darach “tree of oak” Not really correct—suggests “tree made of oak”
droichead	bridge
draíocht	magic
an ghrian	the sun
gealach	moon	f2
buicéad	bucket
bratach	flag
bád	boat
cáis	cheese
ubh	egg	f2 pl uibheacha
arán	bread
clochán	stepping stone

Pearsana “characters”

buachaill beag bán	fair little boy
girseach gheal ghlic	bright clever girl	the repitition is idiomatic
éan eaglach	timid bird, scary bird
cú cancrach	cranky hound
cailleach chnámhach chaol	bony skinny hag
gabha óir/airgid/dubh	gold(silver, black)smith
rí ramhar	fat king
cat crainn clochra	marten
nathair nimhe	poisonous snake
cailín bainne	milkmaid
madra rua	fox	“red dog”
prionsa paiseanta	prince charming	lit. “passionate prince”
damhán alla dubh	black spider
fear farraige fial	generous sailor
bó bhuí bhalbh	tongue-tied yellow cow

Áiteanna “places”

i lár na cathrach	in the center of the city
ar thaobh an bhóthair	on the side of the road	[fable idea!]
thar an mballa	over the wall
in aice leis an mbóthan	next to the cottage
feadh ghrinneall na farraige	along the bottom of the sea
ar an bhfeilm	on the farm	Cois. C.O.: ar an feirm
suas on cnoc	up the hill	motion
thíos sa ngleann	down in the valley	static
faoin droichead	under the bridge
ar an loch	on the lake
feadh an trá	along the beach

Briathra “verbs”

samhlaigh	imagine
léim	jump
bog	soften, move
réitigh	prepare, be ready
athraigh	change, convert
tit	fall
siúl	walk
bruith	boil, bake
scaoil	loosen, release
póg	kiss

fabhalscéal	fable	/faus’cəl/
fad ó fad ó	long ago
bán	white
caol	slender
fial	generous
balbh	mute, inarticulate, tongue-tied	/balə/
farraige	sea
eagla	fear	f4
eaglach	fearful, afraid, scared

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Reamhfhocail arís — Prepositions again

This is the same table we have been working on through the summer. I have been repeating it to keep a
cumulative copy of all the additional notes that came up in each class. This time we worked on
do, de, & i.

Réamhfhocail — Prepositions

		singular indefinite	singular definite	plural indefinite	plural definite
ag	at	ag páiste	ag an bpáiste	ag páistí	ag na páistí
as	out of, from	as bosca	as an mbosca	as boscaí	as na boscaí
let	with	le bosca le hÚna	leis an mosca	le boscaí	leis na boscaí
ó	out of, from	ó bhaile	ón mbaile	ó bhailte	ó na bhailte
arv	on, to	ar chlár	ar an gclár	ar chláir	ar na cláir
roimhv	before	roimh bhalla	roimh an mballa	roimh bhallí	roimh na ballí
thrícv	through	thrí bhosca	thríd an mbosca	thrí bhoscaí	thrí na boscaí
faoi	under, about	faoi bhord	faoin mbord	faoi bhoird	faoi na boird
thar	past	thar fhear	thar an bhfear	thar fhir	thar na fir
de /gə/ except after dentals. Then /də/	of, from	de bhróg d’úll	den bhróg den t-úll /gən/	de bhróga d’úlla	de na bróga de na h-úa
do /gə/ except after dentals. Then /də/	for	do pheann d’am	don pheann don t-am /gən/	do phinn d’amanna	do na pinn do nah-amanna
in	in	i bpota “in a pot” in abhainn “in a river”	sa bpota “in the pot” san abhainn “in the river”	i gcathracha	sna cathracha
ganv	without	gan bhean gan bean eile	gan an bean	gan bhróga gan bróga nua	gan na bróga
goc go dt&iacute	toward, until	go Sasana go hEireann	go dtí an teach		go dtí na tithe
seachas	except	seachas fear	seachas an fear	seachas fir	seachas na fir
idir	between	idir bord idir fuinneog	idir an bord idir an fhuinneog	idir boird idir fuinneoga	idir na boird idir na fuinneoga

Notes

• Eclipsis with singular definite articles does not apply to nouns beginning with
  t-, d- & s-.
• Superscripts in the 1^st column refer to sounds that used to be part of the language but
  are now gone. c: consonant, v: vowel. Others (t, n)
  mean the specific letter given, e.g. le was once let.
• thríd is aspirated. Almost /s’ri:d’/ .
• seachas used to be a noun (“exception”) and then took the genitive.
• gan ← gana. gan: If the noun has an adjective, there is no lenition.

• go is cognate to comh- “mutual, joint, common, co-” and Latin
  cum.
  go dtí ← com tí (result of the
  nasal).

• When the following noun begins with a vowel, i → in, sa → san.
  sna prefixes h- (with the hyphen) to the noun.

• do & de
  • Both end in vowel, hence the following consonant is lenited.
  • Both pronounced /gə/ in front of consonants. Note vowel forms above
  • do do “for your”, de do “of your”: /gə də/
  • They behave similarly, and are tending to merge in modern spoken Irish.

ar /er’/ ← aire. r is slender because it used to be between two
slenderizing vowels. Since it used to end in a vowel, it lenites.

ó has not changed much from pIE.

deoin	will, consent, accord	f3 pl deonta
de do dheoin	of your own accord	/gə də yo:n’/

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Note on counting
objects: 2-5 end, or used to end in a vowel. Hence they lenite the noun. 6-9 used to end with
–n. Hence they eclipse.

Note cathair “city” and cathaoir “chair” are related. They are cognates
to “cathedral”.