Irish Class, September 29, 2008

Rang Gaeilge, 29ú lá Mí Mheán Fómhair 2008

An naoiú lá is fiche Mí Mheán Fómhar.

Meán Fómhair	September
Deireadh Fómhair	October “End of Fall”

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Fadas: áéíóúÁÉÍÓÚ

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Notes for a scéal, which I did not present

Bhí mé tinn ar feadh seachtaine. Bhí slaghdán orm. Tá mé fós cineál
breote.

I was sick throughout last week. I had a cold. I am still kind of
sick.

Things we will be looking at this fall

Verbal nouns

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–>

Tá mé ag léamh leabhair.	I am reading a book.	Note that the verbal puts leabhar into the genitive.
	We will look at verbal nouns with pronouns as objects
Bualann sé mé.	He hits me.	buail “hit”
Tá sé a bualadh.	He is hitting.
Tá sé do mo bhualadh.	He is hitting me.	do mo—mo is genitive.

We will look at verbal nouns with pronouns as objects

Initial mutations

Noticing them and deconstructing them to get the root word.
Lenition, eclipsis, h- before vowels, 7rl

Prepositions

• Prepositional pronouns
• Mutations following prepositions

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From conversation

dúch	ink m1
fiafraigh	ask
ar ais	back (as in “give back”) /er’ as’/
eochair	key f
deasc	desk
fáinne	ring
ór	gold
airgead	silver, money m1
éirigh	rise, grow, become /air’i:/ [Wes] /e:r’i:/ [FP]
ag éirigh fuar	getting cold
mar	like, because
mar sin	like that
rudaí mar sin	things like that
cáis	cheese f2
bláth	blossom, flower
Rugadh agus tógadh anseo mé	I was born and raised here.
tinneas cinn	headache

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Cé thusa?

Some other questions and phrases

Cén aít?	Where?
An (Meiriceánach/Éireanach) thú?	Are you an (American/Irish person)?
An bhfuil clann agat?	Do you have children?
Ní raibh mé….	I wasn’t….

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An Modh Coinníollach — The conditional mood.

(Much of this was a repeat of last week.)

The conditional is used to describe situations that are hypothetical or contrary to fact, where
English uses the word “would.”

The basic recipe, neglecting the synthetic forms

1. Form the simple past. Starting with the root:
1. Lenite an initial consonant
2. Prefix an initial vowel with d’
3. If the result of (1) above begins
   fh-,
   prefix it with d’, since fh is
   silent.
2. Add the suffix:
   • 1^st conjugation verbs: Add -fadh/feadh . The f is silent.
   • 2^nd conjugation verbs: Add -ódh/eodh .

Briathra Rialta — Regular Verbs

glan “clean”	ghlanfadh sé “He would clean”	Dá nglanfadh sé “If he would clean”
sín “stretch, lengthen”	shínfeadh sé “He would stretch”	Dá sínfeadh sé “If he would stretch” /s’i:nəx/
ceannaigh “buy”	cheannódh sí “She would buy”	Dá gceannódh sí “If she would buy”
éirigh “become, etc.”	d’éireodh sí “She would become”	Dá n-éireodh sí “If she would become”

Note the n- prefix in n-éireodh. This is eclipsis (urú) for a word
beginning with a vowel

Cheannódh is normally pronounced /x’ano:x/, but when followed by sé/sí/sibh/siad it is
pronounced /x’ano:t/, e.g. cheannódh sí /x’ano:t si:/. The same rule applies to all other
<!– 2^nd conjugation –> verbs, both conjugations.

Briathra Mírialta — Irregular Verbs

tar “come”	tiocfaidh sé “he will come”	thiofadh sé “he would come”	Dá dtiochfadh sé “If he would come”
teigh “go”	rachaid sí “she will go”	rachadh sí “she would go”	Dá rachadh sí “If she would go”
feic “see, look”		d’fheicfeadh sí “she would look”	Dá bhfeicfeadh sí “If she would look”
clois “hear”		chloidfeadh sé “he would hear”	dá gcloisfeadh sé “if he would hear
déan “do”		dhéanfadh sí“she would do”	dá ndéanfadh “if she would do”
abair “say, speak”	déarfaidh sé “he will speak”	déarfadh sé “he would speak”	Dá ndéafadh sé “If he would speak”
beir “bear, bring, take”	béafaidh sí “she will bear”	bhéarfadh sí “she would bear”	Dá mbéarfadh sí “If she would bear”
faigh “get”	gheobhaidh sé “he will get” (independent) /y’o:ax/	bhfaigheadh sé “he would get”	Dá bhfaighead sé “if he would get” /waiə/
ith “eat”	íosfaidh sí “she will eat	d’íosfadh sí “she would eat”	Dá n-íosfadh sí “if she would eat”
tabhair “give” /to:r/	tabharfaidh sé “He will give”	thabharfadh sé “He would give”	Dá dtabharfadh sé “if he would give”
bí “be”		bheach sé “he would be” /va:x/,/ve:əx/	Dá mbeach sé “if he would be”
is [copula]		ba	dá mba

An Modh Coinníollach – Abairtí (The conditional mood – sentences)

bua	prize
beir bua (ar dhuine)	to triumph (over someone)
ciall	sense, sanity
beir ar do chiall	to get hold of yourself
ith go sláintiúil	to eat healthily
faigh níos mó airgid	to get more money (Note genitive of airgead).
abair go hard	speak loudly

You would understand, if he would get hold of himself.
Thuigfeadh tú, dá mbéarfadh sé ar a chiall.

— (a
chiall—his
senses)

Máire would triumph over Liam, if he
gave her a chance.
Bhéarfadh Máire bua ar Liam, dá dtabharfadh sé seans dí (dhí).

— (dtabharfadh /do:wərət/)

He would eat more healthily, if he could get more money.
D’íosfadh sé go slántiúil, dá bhfaighfeach sé níos mó airgid.

— (bhfaighfeach /waiəx/)

She wouldn’t do that, if she were you.
Ní dhéanfadh sí é sin, dá mba sise thú.

— (dhéanfadh sí
/ye:nət si:/). Note the copula

If they would say it loudly, we would hear the words.
Dá ndéarfadh siad go hard é, chloisfeadh muid na focail.

An Modh Coinníollach 2

So far we have been looking at the non-synthetic (isolating) form of the conditioal mood.

• Used with any noun and the pronouns sé, sí and sibh
  throughout Ireland.
• Also used in Connacht with muid “we” and
  siad “they”.

First and second person singular (mé agus tú)

First person singular (mé):
Start with the past-tense-like changes.

• 1^st conjugation: Add -f(a)inn to the end. The
  f is silent,
  except intervocalicly, when it is h, or (Munster) f.
• 2^nd conjugation: Add -óinn/eoinn to the end.

glan	ghlanfainn “I would clean”	dá nglanfainn “If I would clean”
sín	shínfinn “I would stretch” /hi:nin/	dá sinfinn /si:nin/
ceannaigh	cheannóinn “I would buy”	dá gceannóinn “If I would buy”
éirigh	d’éireoinn	dá n-éireoinn

Second person singular (tú): Again start with the changes to the
front.

• 1^st conjugation: Add -f(e)á to the end. The f
  is silent,
  except intervocalicly, when it is h, or (Munster) f.
• 2^nd conjugation: Add -ófa/eofa to the end.

glan	ghlanfá “You would clean”	dá nglanfá “If you would clean”
sín	shínfeá “You would stretch”	dá sinfeá
ceannaigh	cheannófá	dá gceannófá
éirigh	d’éireofá	dá n-éireofá

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A note about dá /γa:/

• dá “if” eclipses.
• dá “two” lenites.

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Briathra Mírialta — Irregular Verbs

	mé	tú
tar “come”	thiocfainn	thiocfá
téigh “go”	rachfainn	rachfá
feic “see, look”	d’fheicfinn	d’fheicfeá
clois “hear”	chloisfinn	chloisfeá
déan“do”	dhéanfainn	dhéanfá
abair“say, speak”	déarfainn	déarfá
beir “bear, bring, take, catch”	bhéarfainn	bhéarfá
faigh “get”	gheobhainn	gheofá
ith “eat”	d’íosfainn	d’íosfá
tabhair “give”	thabharfainn	thabharfá
bí	bheinn	bheifeá
is	ba mise	ba tusa [Note emphatic forms]

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The following (first and third person plurals) are mostly found in Munster.

First person plural (muid): Usual changes to the front, then

• 1^st conjugation: Add -f(a)imis to the end. The f
  is silent,
  except intervocalicly, when it is h, or (Munster) f.
• 2^nd conjugation: Add -óimis/eomis to the end.

Third person plural (siad): Usual changes to the front, then

• 1^st conjugation: Add -f(a)idís to the end. The f
  is silent,
  except intervocalicly, when it is h, or (Munster) f.
• 2^nd conjugation: Add -óidís/eoidís to the end.

	muid	siad
glan	ghlanfaimis “We would clean”	ghlanfaidís “They would clean”
sín	shínfimis “We would stretch”	shínidís “They would stretch”
ceannaigh	cheannóimis “We would buy”	cheannóidís “They would buy”
éirigh	d’éireoimis “We would become”	d’éireodís “They would become”